Survey on aspiration and expectations of high school students

In this document, we review the main characteristics of the survey undertaken in Ceara in 2014 among students of public and private high schools and regarding their characteristics and behavior relative to the choice of college and undergraduate degrees

College Choice Allocation Mechanisms: Structural Estimates and Counterfactuals

We evaluate a simple allocation mechanism of students to majors at college entry that was commonly used in universities in Brazil in the 1990s and 2000s. Students first chose a single major and then took exams that select them in or out of the chosen major. The literature analyzing student placement, points out that this decentralized mechanism is not stable and is not strategy-proof. This means that some pairs of major & students can be made better off and that students tend to disguise their preferences using such a mechanism. We build up a model of performance and school choices in which expectations are carefully specified and we estimate it using cross-section data reporting choices between two medical schools and grade performances at the entry exams. Given those estimates, we evaluate changes in selection and students'expected utilities when other mechanisms are implemented. Results highlight the importance of strategic motives and redistributive effects of changes of the allocation mechanisms

College Choice Allocation Mechanisms: Structural Estimates and Counterfactuals

We evaluate a simple allocation mechanism of students to majors at college entry that was commonly used in universities in Brazil in the 1990s and 2000s. Students first chose a single major and then took exams that select them in or out of the chosen major. The literature analyzing student placement, points out that this decentralized mechanism is not stable and is not strategy-proof. This means that some pairs of major & students can be made better off and that students tend to disguise their preferences using such a mechanism. We build up a model of performance and school choices in which expectations are carefully specified and we estimate it using cross-section data reporting choices between two medical schools and grade performances at the entry exams. Given those estimates, we evaluate changes in selection and students'expected utilities when other mechanisms are implemented. Results highlight the importance of strategic motives and redistributive effects of changes of the allocation mechanisms

Repeat Property Criminal Victimization and Income Inequality In Brazil

Abstract This paper is concerned with the analysis of the impact that socioeconomic characteristics of individuals and regions, with special emphasis on income inequality, have in the process of repeat property criminal victimization. To accomplish this task, a series of count data models is estimated. The zero inflated negative binomial model performs best, in a series of nested and non-nested inferencial procedures. These econometrics models are applied to a unique data set: the 1988 PNAD. For this specific year only, an additional set of questions provide us with a national sample of victimization, something yet not available again until now. Our results are in close accordance to the international literature, and the estimative concerning the impact of income inequality on repeat victimization is quite strong and robust to the use of different measures and control for cluster effects. The elasticity of the GINI coefficient is positive and the strongest among all variables (0.3666), meaning that increasing inequality leads to more victimizations. The results about the effect of inequality has the potential to offer new insights for security policies at both the federal and state level in Brazil. Keywords: Victimization, Inequality, Count Models JEL Classification: K42, A13, C25 Resumo Este artigo se propõe a analisar o impacto das características socioeconômicas do indivíduo e da região, com ênfase sobre a desigualdade de renda, no processo da vitimização criminal de propriedade repetida. Para atingir esse objetivo, modelos de dados de contagem são estimados. O modelo de zeros inflados negativo binomial apresentou melhores resultados, em uma série de procedimentos inferenciais aninhados e não aninhados. Esses modelos econométricos foram aplicados para uma base de dados singular: a PNAD de 1988. Para este ano específico, uma série de questões adicionais forneceu uma amostra nacional sobre a vitimização, algo até então não disponível. Nossos resultados se mostraram de acordo com a literatura internacional e a estimativa do impacto da desigualdade de renda sobre a vitimização foi bastante Revista EconomiA Decembe

O PRINCÍPIO DA DIGNIDADE HUMANA E O DIREITO À INCLUSÃO SOCIAL

O objetivo desse trabalho é lançar um olhar sobre o compromisso do  Estado brasileiro em relação ao seu princípio primordial, que é o da dignidade da pessoa humana, à luz da Constituição Federal e sobre a necessidade de inclusãosocial da grande parcela da população que vive à margem das condições e garantias fundamentais que deveriam ser proporcionadas em cumprimento a esse princípio

Critical points in logistic growth curves and treatment comparisons

Several biological phenomena have a behavior over time mathematically characterized by a strong increasing function in the early stages of development, then by a less pronounced growth, sometimes showing stability. The separation between these phases is very important to the researcher, since the maintenance of a less productive phase results in uneconomical activity. In this report we present methods of determining critical points in logistic functions that separate the early stages of growth from the asymptotic phase, with the aim of establishing a stopping critical point in the growth and on this basis determine differences in treatments. The logistic growth model is fitted to experimental data of imbibition of araribá seeds (Centrolobium tomentosum). To determine stopping critical points the following methods were used: i) accelerating growth function, ii) tangent at the inflection point, iii) segmented regression; iv) modified segmented regression; v) non-significant difference; and vi) non-significant difference by simulation. The analysis of variance of the abscissas and ordinates of the breakpoints was performed with the objective of comparing treatments and methods used to determine the critical points. The methods of segmented regression and of the tangent at the inflection point lead to early stopping points, in comparison with other methods, with proportions ordinate/asymptote lower than 0.90. The non-significant difference method by simulation had higher values of abscissas for stopping point, with an average proportion ordinate/asymptote equal to 0.986. An intermediate proportion of 0.908 was observed for the acceleration function method